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Dynamics of the three-dimensional structure of the wind-driven Deacon cell in a β-plane channel are discussed in a homogeneous model in the presence of a sufficiently high ridge. The emphasis is on the water mass balance: how the northward surface Ekman drift is returned. It is demonstrated that a sufficiently high ridge can break up the geostrophic constraint and a net geostrophic volume flux across the open latitude band is allowed. It is found that: (1) the Deacon cell is a fundamentally three-dimensional structure, (2) wind forcing can drive an inter-basin water mass exchange in the Southern Ocean, and (3) zonal through-channel transport in the circumpolar ocean varies at different longitudes. 相似文献
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While the important role of land–ocean contrast (LOC) in the mean atmospheric circulation is well-known, an intriguing question remains as to whether LOC can also significantly influence the anomaly circulation. This question is particularly important in the tropics, where a large part of the variabilities is known to be due to convective internal dynamics, which in turn can be significantly affected by LOC. In the present work, we investigate this question using a model of convectively driven anomaly circulation in the tropics. Emphasizing the lower tropospheric flow, we adopt a model describing the horizontal dynamics of the first baroclinic mode on an equatorial β-plane, in the presence of moist feedbacks. We introduce LOC in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions. Land surface dryness is taken into account in the moisture budget through the control of evaporative flux. A constant non-latent heating term is used over land in order to represent radiative and sensible heating effects. First, a control run is performed, numerically, without any LOC using random initial perturbations. The gravest mode that emerges from the control run, which is a wave-2 feature with a period around 20 days, is then used as the initial field for the model runs with LOC. The results show that LOC can significantly influence even the tropical variabilities. A latitudinal LOC, with a land mass in the northern hemisphere (north of 10°N), tends to shift the region of maximum precipitation slightly north of the equator with accompanying steeper gradients near the land–ocean boundary. The implications of this result for our understanding of Asian summer monsoon conditions are discussed. When LOC is only in the longitudinal direction, the dominant wave structure that emerges from the model run has wavenumber one and a period of about 35 days, very similar to the observed 30–60 day oscillation. In our final experiment, which is nearer to the realistic land–ocean configuration in the tropics, it is found that both latitudinal and longitudinal effects of LOC are important aspects of the tropical anomaly circulation. It is suggested that some of the patterns in the precipitation distribution, observed in the tropics and simulated using general circulation models are results of convectively induced internal dynamics, modulated by LOC. 相似文献
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Results are presented from numerical simulations of the incidence of a spatially-compact beam of internal waves on a shear layer containing a critical level. It is found that a significant fraction of the energy of the incident beam is transmitted across the critical level when the packet is narrow in physical space and when the energy density of the packet is not too high so that nonlinear effects are weak. As either the packet width or its energy density increases, the presence of a critical level renders the shear layer increasingly opaque to the transmission of energy. The familiar exponentially small value of the transmission coefficient is recovered as the spatial width of the packet exceeds (roughly) eight to ten wave lengths. 相似文献
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目的:探讨64层CT血管造影在自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断中的价值。方法:对2009年1～12月97位患有自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病人行64层CT血管造影成像扫描,应用容积再现、最大密度投影、曲面重建、多平面重建等后处理技术显示血管,以明确病因。结果:64层CTA诊断12例正常,1例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘、9例动静脉畸形,75例动脉瘤,所有病例与数字减影血管造影和/或手术对比证实,其中12例正常病例行DSA检查,64层CTA漏诊1例,但其总的敏感性为98.7%,特异性为100%。结论:64层CT血管造影对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病因诊断准确性高,且简单、快速、微创、安全和经济,可作为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断的首选检查方法。 相似文献
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范隆积 《CT理论与应用研究》1993,(2)
本文报告经CT 诊断的84例小儿颅脑内出血。CT 主要表现是颅脑内出血的高密度影。CT 扫描可确定出血的部位、数量和大小等,足一项十分有价值的检查方法。 相似文献
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目的：研究多层螺旋CT对急性结肠出血的应用价值。方法：对临床可疑急性结肠出血9例患者行多层螺旋CT检查,采用动静脉双期增强扫描,并结合多层螺旋CT多平面重建、最大密度投影图像分析诊断,部分病例经手术或临床随访证实,部分与DSA对照。结果：9例临床拟诊急性结肠出血患者,多层螺旋CT明确诊断出血部位7例,出血显示率77.7... 相似文献
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笔者报道应用ＣＴ扫描对２６１例围产期窒息儿进行头部扫描，发现有二种颅内病变；颅内出血和脑缺氧缺血性脑病共２３０例，其阳性率为８８．１％，就其ＣＴ表现，病理基础及脑损伤程度与预后关系进行论述。 相似文献
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目的:探讨磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)对超急性期脑出血和急性出血性脑梗死的诊断价值。方法:收集我院2010年2月～2011年11月超急性期脑出血患者25例,平均年龄58岁,发病时间均在6h以内;急性出血性脑梗死患者22例,平均年龄54岁,发病时间在24h以内。磁共振检查采用GESigna1.5THDMR系统,头颅8通道线圈。行常规T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、DWI序列扫描,每个病例均加扫SWI序列。结果:25例脑出血病例中20例在T2WI上病灶周边可见到低信号环,显示率为80%。T1WI、T2FLAIR及DWI序列无特征表现提示出血。在SWI上均可见到低信号,显示率为100%,且显示的范围更大、更明显;22例出血性脑梗死病例中2例在T1WI内可见到轻微高信号,显示率约为9%。T2WI、T2FLAIR及DWI序列对出血性脑梗死没有特征性表现。SWI序列显示22例梗死区内均可见点片状不均匀低信号,显示率达到100%。结论:SWI序列较常规MRI序列对诊断早期脑卒中的类型和及早检测出脑梗死出血性转化有更大帮助,对临床治疗有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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目的:研究256层螺旋CT机头颈部血管成像(CTA)检查对原发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者的诊断作用以及血清S-100B蛋白检测对SAH患者脑损害程度及脑血管痉挛的评价作用。方法:选取2013年4月至2014年3月期间我院收治的SAH患者共77例,根据格拉斯哥昏迷(GCS)评分和Hunt-Hess分级分成不同组别,对其进行256层螺旋CT机头部CTA检查及血清S-100B蛋白水平的检测。结果:在77例SAH患者中,经CT机头部CTA检查共有59处动脉瘤。GCS评分3~8分患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平分别为(1.94±0.31)μg/L、(1.93±0.28)μg/L明显高于GCS评分9~12分患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平(1.13±0.21)μg/L,(1.09±0.19)μg/L和GCS评分13~15分患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平(0.54±0.09)μg/L,(0.52±0.06)μg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hunt-HessⅠⅡ级患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平分别为(0.68±0.12)μg/L和(0.64±0.11)μg/L明显低于Hunt-HessⅢ级患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平(1.15±0.18)μg/L,(0.98±0.12)μg/L和Hunt-HessⅣ级患者入院后1天、7天S-100B蛋白水平(2.08±0.25)μg/L,(1.99±0.23)μg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:256层螺旋CT机头颈部CTA检查可对SAH患者周边血管三维结构予以有效反应,对SAH患者行S-100B蛋白水平检测,能有效对SAH患者脑损害程度及血管痉挛做出评价。 相似文献
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